Executive

The department evolved from two separate organizations created in 1935: the Division of State Planning, in the Executive Department, and the Bureau of State Publicity, in the Conservation Department. The Division of State Planning (Laws of 1935, Chapter 304) was established to coordinate plans for State economic development. It was headed by the State Planning Council, which consisted of five members appointed by the governor. The Conservation Department's Bureau of Publicity was established to undertake advertising and promotion of tourism (Laws of 1935, Chapter 808).

Early State park and recreation policies were closely related to conservation efforts. A Temporary State Park Commission, established in 1872 (Chapter 848) to study the feasibility of forming a public park in the "timbered regions" of the Adirondack Mountains, rejected a proposal to create a park for recreational purposes but recommended preservation of the land and timber resources. No action was taken until 1884, when the legislature directed the comptroller to establish a committee to formulate a plan for forest preservation.

The World Trade Center Relief Fund was established on September 14, 2001 to assist the 3,000 families (spouses, children, domestic partners, fianc{acute}es, and parents) of the victims of the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Fund was created to benefit all victims, including civilians, firefighters, police, and relief workers. It covered victims at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and on Flight 93 that crashed in Pennsylvania. Ultimately, {dollar}79 million in donations were received and distributed. Payments were made to 5,343 beneficiaries of victims.

The first State constitution of 1777 and all subsequent constitutions designated the governor as the commander-in-chief of the State's armed forces. In 1786 the governor appointed an adjutant general to supervise the militia and all military establishments in the State. The governor was authorized to appoint an adjutant general by the constitutions of 1821 and 1846 in response to the passage of a federal statute of 1792 requiring each state to appoint such an officer.

This board was created in 1973 (Chapter 346) to consolidate responsibility for the licensing and regulation of racing and wagering activities that had formerly been exercised by five separate commissions. A State Racing Commission, consisting of three gubernatorial appointees, was created in 1926 (Chapter 440) to issue or deny annual licenses to corporations conducting horse races and steeplechases.

New York's first British colonial governors ruled the province only with the aid of a Council but with no assembly representative of the colonists. Between 1664, when King Charles II granted the conquered New Netherland territory to his brother James, Duke of York, and 1863, citizens increasingly called for the establishment of a general assembly. In 1681, members of the Court of Assizes petitioned the Duke for an Assembly to be elected by freeholders, and citizen unrest was apparent in, among other things, their refusal to pay taxes.

In the context of the early years of the Cold War, as U.S. forces were engaged in a war against communist North Korea and the country braced for a potential attack by the Soviet Union, civil defense became a significant focus at both the federal and state levels. In 1951, a year after the U.S. government passed the Federal Civil Defense Act, New York State crafted its own legislation known as the Defense Emergency Act (Chapter 784, and amended by Chapters 785 and 786).

New York State's education system has antecedents in both English and Dutch colonial education. The Dutch, concerned with providing widespread general education, established tax-supported common schools under church and state control in most of New Netherland's communities. Under the English, who established a system of private or church-supported academies, emphasis was placed on advanced education of the elite and the common school system of the Dutch all but disappeared.

During the Dutch colonial period, government revenue was derived primarily from customs duties and excise taxes. When these sources proved insufficient, the colony fell back on voluntary contributions, but as early as 1654 the home government also granted the colony permission to tax land and livestock directly. There was little change in the tax structure during the British colonial period.

New York State's official involvement in labor issues began in 1883 when the Bureau of Labor Statistics was created (Chapter 356) to gather information and prepare an annual statistical report on the State's labor force. The State began regulatory activity in labor and industrial affairs in 1886 (Chapter 409) with the establishment of the Office of Factory Inspector (expanded to the Department of Factory Inspection in 1887) to enforce laws regulating the employment of children in factories, and the Board of Mediation and Arbitration, to assist in the settlement of labor disputes.