Carl Kaestle is university professor emeritus in the departments of education, history, and public policy at Brown University. He is also presently a resident fellow at the Spencer Foundation. Carl has been the director of the Wisconsin Center for Education Research, the president of the National Academy of Education, vice-chair of the National Research Council’s Board on Testing and Assessment, a principal consultant for the PBS documentary School, and director of the Advanced Studies Fellowship Program at Brown. With the postdocto